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}} }} |linking_name = South Asia |symbol_type = Logo |image_symbol = SAARC Logo.svg |image_map = South Asia (orthographic projection).svg |map_caption = |image_map2 = SAARC3.svg |map_caption2 = |official_languages = English |membership_type = Member states |membership = |demonym = South Asian |admin_center_type = Headquarters |admin_center = Kathmandu |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = Arjun Bahadur Thapa |established = 8 December 1985 | GDP_PPP = US$9.9 trillion 〔(IMF )〕 | GDP_PPP_rank = 3rd | GDP_PPP_year = 2015 | GDP_nominal = US$ 2.9 trillion〔 | GDP_nominal_rank = 5th | GDP_nominal_year = 2015 | currency = | time_zone = | utc_offset = +4:30 to +6 | time_zone_DST = | DST_note = | utc_offset_DST = | calling_code = |official_website = |area_rank = 7th |area_magnitude = 1 E12 |area_km2 = 5,099,611 |area_sq_mi = |percent_water = 6.8 |population_estimate = 1,713,870,000〔http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/CD-ROM/〕 |population_estimate_rank = 1st |population_estimate_year = 2015 |population_density_km2 = 336.1 |population_density_sq_mi = 870.4 |population_density_rank = |cctld = .asia〔.asia is representative of all of Asia; member states also have their own TLDs.〕 | }} The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an economic and geopolitical organisation of eight countries that are primarily located in South Asia or the Indian subcontinent.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=SAARC )〕 The SAARC Secretariat is based in Kathmandu, Nepal.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=SAARC Secretariat )〕 The combined economy of SAARC is the 3rd largest in the world in the terms of GDP(PPP) after the United States and China and 5th largest in the terms of nominal GDP. SAARC nations comprise 3% of the world's area and contain 21% (around 1.7 billion) of the world's total population and around 9.12% of Global economy as of 2015. SAARC also home to world's 3rd & 7th largest Economy of world in GPP(PPP) & GDP(Nominal) terms respectively as well as World's fastest growing major Economy,that is India. India makes up over 70% of the area and population among these eight nations. During 2005-10, the average GDP growth rate of SAARC stood at an impressive 8.8% p.a., but it slowed to 6.5% in 2011 largely because of economic slowdown in India, which accounts for nearly 80% of SAARC's economy. But driven by a strong expansion in India, coupled with favorable oil prices,from the last quarter of 2014 South Asia once again become the fastest-growing region in the world.〔(World Bank )〕 As of 2015 foreign exchange reserves of SAARC nations stands at USD 411 billion. The idea of regional political and economical cooperation in South Asia was first raised on 2nd May 1980 by Bangladesh President Ziaur Rahman and the first summit was held in Dhaka on 8 December 1985, when the organisation was established by the governments of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=1st Summit Declaration )〕 Since then the organisation has expanded by accepting one new full member, Afghanistan,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=14th Summit Declaration )〕 and several observer members.〔 The SAARC policies aim to promote welfare economics, collective self-reliance among the countries of South Asia, and to accelerate socio-cultural development in the region.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Charter of SAARC )〕 The SAARC has developed external relations by establishing permanent diplomatic relations with the EU, the UN (as an observer), and other multilateral entities.〔 The official meetings of the leaders of each nation are held annually whilst the foreign ministers meet twice annually.〔 The 18th SAARC Summit was held in Kathmandu from 26–27 November 2014. ==History== The idea of co-operation in South Asia was discussed in at least three conferences: the Asian Relations Conference held in New Delhi on April 1947; the Baguio Conference in the Philippines on May 1950; and the Colombo Powers Conference held in Sri Lanka in April 1954.〔http://jang.com.pk/important_events/saarc_2004/history.html〕 In the ending years of the 1970s, the seven inner South Asian nations that included Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka agreed upon the creation of a trade bloc and to provide a platform for the people of South Asia to work together in a spirit of friendship, trust and understanding. President Ziaur Rahman later addressed official letters to the leaders of the countries of the South Asia, presenting his vision for the future of the region and the compelling arguments for region.〔 During his visit to India in December 1977, President Ziaur Rahman discussed the issue of regional cooperation with the then Indian Prime Minister, Morarji Desai. In the inaugural speech to the Colombo Plan Consultative Committee which met in Kathmandu also in 1977, King Birendra of Nepal gave a call for close regional cooperation among South Asian countries in sharing river waters. After the USSR's intervention in Afghanistan, the efforts to established the union was accelerated in 1979 and the resulting rapid deterioration of South Asian security situation.〔 Responding to the President Ziaur Rahman and King Birendra's convention, the officials of the foreign ministries of the seven countries met for the first time in Colombo in April 1981.〔 The Bangladesh's proposal was promptly endorsed by Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan and the Maldives but India and Pakistan were sceptical initially.〔 The Indian concern was the proposal’s reference to the security matters in South Asia and feared that President Zia Rehman's proposal for a regional organisation might provide an opportunity for new smaller neighbours to renationalised all bilateral issues and to join with each other to gang up against India. Pakistan assumed that it might be an Indian strategy to organise the other South Asian countries against Pakistan and ensure a regional market for Indian products, thereby consolidating and further strengthening India’s economic dominance in the region.〔 However, after a series of quiet diplomatic consultations between South Asian foreign ministers at the UN headquarters in New York from August to September 1980, it was agreed that Bangladesh would prepare the draft of a working paper for discussion among the foreign secretaries of South Asian countries.〔 The foreign secretaries of the inner seven countries again delegated a Committee of the Whole in Colombo on September 1981, which identified five broad areas for regional cooperation. New areas of co-operation were added in the following years.〔("A Brief on SAARC." South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation. ) No date. See for a complete historical account of SAARC e.g. Michael, Arndt (2013). India's Foreign Policy and Regional Multilateralism (Palgrave Macmillan), pp. 57–112.〕 In 1983, the international conference held by Indian Minister of External Affairs P.V. Narasimha Rao in New Delhi, the foreign ministers of the inner seven countries adopted the Declaration on South Asian Association Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and formally launched the Integrated Programme of Action (IPA) initially in five agreed areas of cooperation namely, Agriculture; Rural Development; Telecommunications; Meteorology; and Health and Population Activities.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=History and Evolution of SAARC )〕 Officially, the union was established in Dhaka with Kathmandu being union's secretariat-general.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=About SAARC )〕 The first SAARC summit was held in Dhaka on 7–8 December 1985 and hosted by the President of Bangladesh Hussain Ershad.〔 The declaration signed by King of Bhutan Jigme Singye, President of Pakistan Zia-ul-Haq, Prime Minister of India Rajiv Gandhi, King of Nepal Birendra Shah, President of Sri Lanka JR Jayewardene, and President of Maldives Maumoon Gayoom.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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